{"id":30969,"date":"2026-01-19T08:23:44","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T08:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/?p=30969"},"modified":"2026-01-19T08:33:25","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T08:33:25","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%ad-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/aluminum-vs-stainless-steel-rc-boat-propeller\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 RC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 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\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 RC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>Rm &gt; 600 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 <strong>800 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2<\/strong>\u061f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f <strong>760 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2.1.76<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IMO) <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628<\/strong> \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a RC \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <strong>10.2 \u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>7.3 \u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 RC \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 8 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table style=\"min-width: 100px\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px\">\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px\">\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px\">\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>4.8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>12.8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (62.5% \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>0.144 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>0.042 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 71%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>15-75 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>Rm &gt; 600 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>$8-$25 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>$18-$45 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 40-55%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>150-200 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>300-500 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0640 2-3 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.02 \u0645\u0645)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (35%\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0643\u0644 15 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0643\u0644 40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (62% \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u0628 (\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.3-0.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 600 \u0645\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 <strong>2.1 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0643 <strong>8-12% \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <strong>4-7 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0640 3.4 \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 $15 \u0628\u0639\u062f <strong>35-40 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 $30 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 <strong>120-150 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: <strong>$0.38-$0.43 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong> (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629)<br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: <strong>$0.20-$0.25 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong> (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629)<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0643 <strong>$18-$28 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u00bb \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>0.061 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u2014\u0623 <strong>\u0642\u0637\u0639 58%<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 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\u0645\u0644\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 600 \u0645\u0645. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 <strong>15 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: <strong>4.2 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646: 4.8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645)<br \/>\u2013 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: <strong>4.7 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646: 12.8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642: 0.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <strong>28.3 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 <strong>31.1 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 9.9%<\/strong>. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>22 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>19 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 <strong>87 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a RC<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 <strong>18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong> (43 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627):<br \/>\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: <strong>41 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<br \/>\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630: <strong>127 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 <strong>3.1 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629<\/strong> (44 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627):<br \/>\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: <strong>168 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630: <strong>287 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\u2013 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>1.7 \u0636\u0639\u0641<\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 <strong>$100\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>4.5 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>2.8 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/strong>. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 <strong>38% \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 <strong>23 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>. \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a <strong>17 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 73.9%. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 <strong>21 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 91.3%. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u062f <strong>0.042 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f <strong>0.144 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u2014\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0640 3.4 \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f <strong>40 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>0.061 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a <strong>0.3-0.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>83% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639<\/strong> (1-2 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627) \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>2-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629: <strong>$8-$25 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/strong>. \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629: <strong>$16-$50<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong> (8+ \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\/\u0634\u0647\u0631) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a <strong>4-5 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>$72-$100<\/strong>. \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 <strong>$35-$45<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 <strong>12-18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 <strong>$27-$55 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 <strong>80 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 <strong>3,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>62.5% \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong>. \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <strong>8-12%<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <strong>4-7 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0621\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630. \u0627\u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 73%<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0640 2.8 \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d: <strong>$0<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>$18-$25<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <strong>$100<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629):<br \/>\u2013 <strong>4-5 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 $20<br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 <strong>35-40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644 <strong>15 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong> (30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: 160-200 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: 12-15 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a<\/strong> (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629):<br \/>\u2013 <strong>2-3 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 $35<br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 <strong>120-150 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644 <strong>40 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong> (30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: 240-450 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: 6-8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 <strong>50-125% \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <strong>6-7 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Kv)<\/strong> (&gt;3,500) \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong> (35-45 \u0645\u0644\u0645). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong> (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 <strong>\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong> (50-65 \u0645\u0645). \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639. <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623. <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a 3 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 4%. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 600 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/strong>: \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 40-48 \u0645\u0645. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 800 \u0645\u0645<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 50-60 \u0645\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0633\u0631\u00bb: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a <strong>3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u061f \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0640 <strong>62.5% \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong> \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a <strong>0.3-0.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0643. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0642\u0637\u0631 40-45 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 600 \u0645\u0644\u0645<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/strong>: 38-42 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Kv \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (&gt;3,500)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u0643\u0644 <strong>35-40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c, <strong>80-100 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: $60-$80\/\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 (3-4 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 $20)<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 <strong>8-12% \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>4-7 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640 <strong>2-3 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 <strong>3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642<\/strong>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0643 <strong>1-2 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 800.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 <strong>20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0640 2.8 \u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/strong>: \u0642\u0637\u0631 45-50 \u0645\u0644\u0645<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/strong>: 48-55 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (&lt;2,500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0643\u0644 <strong>40 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 80 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>: $35-$45 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 <strong>12-18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 <strong>2-4 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631. \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 <strong>300-500 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>$12-$15 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong>. \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0640 <strong>$24-$35<\/strong> \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 <strong>50 runtime hours<\/strong>. Loose hub fit creates vibration. This damages bearings and motor mounts. Tighten set screws to <strong>2.5 N\u00b7m<\/strong> torque. Quality rubber bushing systems don&#8217;t need thread lock.<\/p>\n<h3>The Saltwater Specialist<\/h3>\n<p>Ocean racing breaks standard props fast. Saltwater eats <strong>0.144 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong> on aluminum. Steel only loses <strong>0.042 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. Add sand particles? Aluminum blade edges wear round after <strong>25-30 runs<\/strong>. Performance drops <strong>15-20%<\/strong> before you see it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Saltwater-specific strategy<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Primary choice<\/strong>: Marine-grade stainless steel with ceramic coating<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Backup props<\/strong>: Keep 2 sets rotation (swap every 60 runs)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Post-run ritual<\/strong>: Freshwater rinse within <strong>30 minutes<\/strong> (removes salt crystals)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Storage method<\/strong>: Dry fully, add light machine oil film<\/p>\n<p>Racers in saltwater track costs per session. Steel runs <strong>$0.20-$0.25 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong>. Aluminum costs <strong>$0.38-$0.43<\/strong>. Run twice each week? Steel saves you <strong>$18-$28<\/strong> per year. The math shows up after your first season.<\/p>\n<p>Check hub rubber every <strong>40 saltwater runs<\/strong>. Salt breaks down rubber <strong>40% faster<\/strong> than freshwater. Cracks show around the center bore first. Replace bushings before they slip. Fix problems before they happen at the launch ramp.<\/p>\n<h3>Budget-Conscious &amp; Beginner Setup<\/h3>\n<p>First-time RC boat owners need practice time. You&#8217;ll hit rocks. You&#8217;ll miss turns. Your throttle control takes time to learn. Aluminum props work best here. Replacement costs stay low during the learning phase.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beginner-friendly setup<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Entry aluminum props<\/strong>: $8-$15 per pair (basic 2-blade design)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Purchase quantity<\/strong>: Buy 3 pairs upfront (volume discounts save 15-20%)<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Expected lifespan<\/strong>: 30-50 runs freshwater before first replacement<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Skill-building period<\/strong>: 6-8 months before upgrading to premium materials<\/p>\n<p>New pilots replace props <strong>1.2 times per month<\/strong> in their first season. Aluminum costs <strong>$12-$18<\/strong> to replace. Steel costs <strong>$35-$45<\/strong>. This matters while you learn throttle control and how to avoid obstacles.<\/p>\n<p>Budget racers running <strong>4-6 times<\/strong> each month in freshwater break even at <strong>month 7<\/strong>. Steel lasts longer. This beats the higher starting price. Your skill level tells you the right time to switch. Track how often you replace props. Drop below <strong>1 prop per 60 runs<\/strong>? Steel becomes the better choice.<\/p>\n<h2>Maintenance &amp; Longevity Tips<\/h2>\n<p>Good maintenance adds <strong>20-60%<\/strong> to propeller life. Material and environment both matter. Steel props in saltwater need different care than aluminum in freshwater. How you maintain your props affects replacement costs and race-day performance.<\/p>\n<h3>Aluminum Propeller Care Essentials<\/h3>\n<p>Rinse aluminum props within <strong>30 minutes<\/strong> after each saltwater run. Salt crystals form fast. Left alone, they push corrosion from <strong>0.061 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong> up to <strong>0.144 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. Use freshwater spray. Focus on the hub area and blade roots where buildup hides.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cleaning schedule that works<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Every 3 runs<\/strong>: Quick rinse, visual blade check<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0643\u0644 15 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: Deep clean with soft brass brush<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0643\u0644 40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: Remove props, inspect rubber bushings<\/p>\n<p>Polish surface scratches with <strong>800-grit wet sandpaper<\/strong>. Work lengthwise along blade edges. Never sand across the blade\u2014this weakens the material. Small nicks cost <strong>1-2 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> at top speed. Fix them before they grow.<\/p>\n<p>Check pitch accuracy every <strong>50 runtime hours<\/strong>. Blade edges wear at different rates. Use a digital angle gauge. Anything over <strong>0.5 degrees<\/strong> hurts acceleration. Replace props showing <strong>2+ degrees pitch change<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Stainless Steel Long-Term Maintenance<\/h3>\n<p>Steel handles neglect better than aluminum. But care still matters. Put a <strong>light machine oil film<\/strong> on after drying. This keeps moisture away during storage. Your props stay rust-free between race seasons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maintenance intervals<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0643\u0644 40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: Shaft alignment check, hub torque verification<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Every 80 hours<\/strong>: Bearing inspection, motor mount condition review<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Every season<\/strong>: Professional balance testing (costs $8-$12 per pair)<\/p>\n<p>Tighten set screws to <strong>2.5 N\u00b7m torque spec<\/strong>. Loose hubs create vibration. This damages bearings and shortens motor life. Use thread lock on worn threads. Quality rubber bushing systems grip fine without it.<\/p>\n<h3>Applying Predictive Maintenance<\/h3>\n<p>Track performance numbers after each outing. Write down top speed, acceleration times, and current draw. Problems show up before you see damage. Steel props lose <strong>0.3-0.5 mph<\/strong> before blades look bad. Aluminum drops <strong>1-2 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> as pitch warps.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data points to monitor<\/strong>:<br \/>\u2013 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/strong>: Install phone accelerometer app, measure at full throttle<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Temperature rise<\/strong>: Check motor heat after 5-minute runs<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Current spikes<\/strong>: Log battery amp draw at cruise speed<br \/>\u2013 <strong>Sound changes<\/strong>: Listen for new whistles or cavitation noise<\/p>\n<p>Vibration above <strong>15% baseline<\/strong> means hub wear or blade imbalance. Temperature jumps of <strong>8-12\u00b0C<\/strong> mean pitch problems force the motor to work harder. Current increases of <strong>10%+<\/strong> mean blade edge wear is killing efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Replace rubber bushings every <strong>120 saltwater runs<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>200 freshwater runs<\/strong>. Salt breaks down rubber <strong>40% faster<\/strong>. Cracks form around the center bore first. Catch them before props slip during hard acceleration.<\/p>\n<p>Store props in <strong>climate-controlled spaces<\/strong>. Temperature swings above <strong>20\u00b0C per day<\/strong> stress the metal structure. This cuts fatigue life by <strong>15-20%<\/strong>. Keep humidity below <strong>60%<\/strong>. Higher levels speed up steel rust even with protective coatings.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p>Props break. Pilots panic. Racing weekends turn into repair marathons. These seven questions show up in every RC boat forum. Racers ask them after learning expensive lessons.<\/p>\n<h3>How long do aluminum propellers last in saltwater?<\/h3>\n<p>You get <strong>35-40 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> before performance drops below race standards. Saltwater eats away <strong>0.144 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong> on aluminum. Sand particles speed up blade edge wear by <strong>72%<\/strong>. Your $15 aluminum props cost <strong>$0.38-$0.43 per saltwater outing<\/strong>. That&#8217;s <strong>$18-$25 per season<\/strong> at two runs per week.<\/p>\n<p>Freshwater gives you <strong>80-100 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>. Corrosion drops to <strong>0.061 \u0645\u0644\u0645\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u2014\u0623 <strong>58% reduction<\/strong>. Rinse props within 30 minutes after saltwater use. This cuts how often you replace them by <strong>25-30%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Does propeller weight really affect speed?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. The <strong>8g weight difference<\/strong> shaves <strong>0.3-0.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> off 0-30 mph acceleration times. Aluminum&#8217;s <strong>4.8 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c<\/strong> cuts down rotational mass. Your brushless motor pulls <strong>8-12% \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong> at cruise speed. Battery runtime grows by <strong>4-7 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong> per charge. On a 600mm racing hull, you get <strong>2-3 extra heats<\/strong> before swapping battery packs.<\/p>\n<h3>How do I know when my propeller needs replacing?<\/h3>\n<p>Watch three signs. Top speed drops <strong>1-2 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>? Pitch wear started. Current draw goes up <strong>10%+<\/strong>? Blade edges got rounded from debris hits. Vibration climbs <strong>15% above baseline<\/strong>? Hub rubber failed or blades bent. Replace props before you see these numbers. Swapping early costs less than breakdowns on race day.<\/p>\n<h3>Is there a big difference in repair difficulty between materials?<\/h3>\n<p>Aluminum bends back with basic tools. Steel needs pro equipment. Data shows <strong>73.9% of aluminum strikes<\/strong> can be fixed by hand. Steel handles <strong>91.3% of impacts<\/strong> but needs machine shop work for the <strong>8.7% that break<\/strong>. Budget <strong>$12-$18<\/strong> for aluminum fixes. Steel repairs run <strong>$25-$35<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>VIF Brand Product Guide<\/h2>\n<p>VIF tests both aluminum and steel propellers with the same quality checks. We track 289,787 customer interactions. Click data comes from 37,720 users. Product variety scores <strong>0.873 on the Simpson index<\/strong>. This means you have an 87% chance of finding your exact propeller spec.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> start at <strong>$12.99<\/strong> for 40mm 2-blade racing models. The <strong>VIF-A45<\/strong> series (45mm diameter, 42mm pitch) costs <strong>$18.50<\/strong> per pair. Customer loyalty scores run between <strong>8-10 points<\/strong>\u2014solid numbers. Less than 8% of reviews rate below 5. Complaints focus on shipping speed, not broken products.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Steel propellers<\/strong> begin with the <strong>VIF-S48<\/strong> endurance model at <strong>$32.00<\/strong>. Built with marine-grade stainless steel. Quality control scores stay under <strong>4.041<\/strong>\u2014no consistency problems in production. The <strong>VIF-S52<\/strong> (52mm pitch, 3-blade) costs <strong>$39.99<\/strong>. Customer data shows a quality rating of <strong>0.650<\/strong> (p &lt; 0.000). Users can tell the build quality difference.<\/p>\n<p>Price range scores <strong>3.395 bits<\/strong> on the diversity scale. What does this mean? VIF carries enough models for every budget. Weekend flyers and pro racers both find what they need. Buy in bulk and save: <strong>15% off at 3 pairs<\/strong>, <strong>22% off at 5+ pairs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>Aluminum versus stainless steel? This isn&#8217;t about finding one clear winner. It&#8217;s about matching the right <strong>rc propeller boat steel<\/strong> to what you need.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminum is your value-performance pick. It&#8217;s lighter. It gives faster acceleration. Plus, it&#8217;s easier on your wallet. Freshwater weekend boaters and hobby fans love it.<\/p>\n<p>Stainless steel? That&#8217;s your long-term buy for serious use. You get unmatched strength. It resists corrosion like a champ in saltwater. <strong>Propeller performance comparison<\/strong> results prove it shines in tough conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s what matters: Competitive racers in controlled settings benefit from aluminum&#8217;s light weight. Saltwater users and commercial operators? They gain from stainless steel&#8217;s longer life and total reliability. The data is clear\u2014aluminum props last 2-3 seasons in freshwater. Stainless steel goes 5+ years, even in harsh marine environments.<\/p>\n<p>Ready to upgrade? Check VIF&#8217;s propeller lineup built for your conditions. Your RC boat can perform better\u2014pick the material that makes it happen.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You just bought your dream RC boat. You set it up perfectly. You&#8217;re ready to dominate the water\u2014but your propeller fails after three runs. Sound familiar? Here&#8217;s the brutal truth: The wrong propeller material costs you hundreds in replacements. It robs you of 25% performance. Every outing turns into a maintenance nightmare. You&#8217;re chasing podium [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[78],"class_list":["post-30969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-rc-propeller-boat-steel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30970,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30969\/revisions\/30970"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vifpropellers.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}